Cancer Screening & Risk – Tailored for LGBTIQ+ People

What is cancer screening?

Screening checks for early signs of cancer before you feel unwell. In the UK there are screening programmes for the
cervix, breasts, and bowel. Finding problems early can save lives.

NHS screening programmes

Cervical screening (smear test)

Offered to anyone with a cervix, usually ages 25 to 64.
How often: every 3 to 5 years (depends on age and where you live).
If your GP record says “male” but you have a cervix, tell your GP so you can still be invited.

Breast screening (mammogram)

For people who have breast tissue, including cis women, many trans men (unless you’ve had a double mastectomy),
and trans women on hormones. Usually ages 50 to 71, every 3 years.
If you are not invited automatically, ask your GP.

Bowel screening

For most people ages 50 to 74 (exact ages can vary by region). You get a simple
FIT poo test in the post every 2 years. Anyone can do this, whatever your gender.

Things that can change your cancer risk

Some intersex variations (for example, Klinefelter’s) can raise risk. Tell your doctor about any unusual changes in your body.
Hormones and surgeries may change risk. For example, oestrogen can raise breast cancer risk in some trans women.
Your GP can explain what this means for you.
Stress, smoking, and infections like HPV or HIV can also affect risk. Support is available if you need help.

Trans & non-binary screening resources

Pride in Practice and OUTpatients (the UK’s LGBTIQ+ cancer charity) provide
clear, inclusive guides on screening, cancer risk, and how transition relates to these.

Their booklet and webpages explain cervical, breast, and bowel screening and how to lower risk. They are
community-reviewed and clinically checked.

Visit the Trans & Non-Binary Screening page